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geography, including the Census Bureau's ZCTA codes.  Includes links to very specific tools for relating ZIPs to other geographic
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<p> <small><font color="#0000ee">           
<h2>The ZIP Code Resources Page</h2>
  <blockquote><blockquote>
  <h3 style="color:white; background:gray">(AKA "All about ... ZIP Codes")</h3> 
           </font></small> <font color="#ee0000" size="+2">  <b><small>Tools
  and   Resources  Related to U.S. ZIP Codes</small><br>
          <font color="#000000"><small><small><br>
          Version 2.3, November 2010<br>
       </small></small></font></b></font></p>
          </blockquote></blockquote>   
 
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<blockquote><blockquote><br> 
	 This page serves as a kind of FAQ (but without the Q and A
   format) for researchers interested in&nbsp; U.S. postal geography codes.
    &nbsp;It provides some general background information about ZIP codes.
 &nbsp;It describes and links to various&nbsp; reference materials, data
 files, web sites and other resources  of interest to users wanting to work
 with&nbsp;&nbsp; ZIPs.    &nbsp;This is Version 2.2, a revision that features an updated description 
 of the ZIP Code Master Dataset (at federgovernmentzipcodes.us - not to be confused with our own ZCTA_Master data set).  
Version 2.0  a major revision
 of the <a
 href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/jgb/ZIP.resources.html"><b>original page</b></a>, which was created in the mid to late 90's and dealt primarily
with  the codes as they were defined for use in the 1990 census. &nbsp;This
version  focuses on the Census Bureau's 2000 vintage &nbsp;ZIP Census Tabulation
 Areas (ZCTAs), close cousins of ZIP codes. &nbsp; As in the earlier
version,  we place special emphasis on tools for linking ZIP (/ZCTA) codes
to other  geographies (such as counties, cities, metro areas) and to demographic
information  from the latest decennial census. &nbsp;   </blockquote></blockquote>
                     
<hr><br>
         
<div align="center"><a href="#geninfo">General Information</a> &nbsp; 
| &nbsp;  &nbsp;   <a href="#zctas">ZCTAs</a> / &nbsp;<b> <a href="#zcta_master">zcta_master</a> data set)</b> &nbsp;| &nbsp; 
 <a href="#zipcodes"><img src="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/images/new.gif" border="0"> ZIP Code Master Dataset and State Directories</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; 
 <a href="#geocorr">MABLE/Geocorr</a> 
&nbsp;| &nbsp; 
 <a href="#zip2cbsa"><img src="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/images/new.gif" border="0"> ZIP Codes (with suffixes) linked to Metro Areas</a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;
 <a href="#profiles">Demographic Data/Profiles</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp;
  <a href="#links">Links to Other Pages<br>
   <br>
   </a>         </div>
     
<blockquote>                  
  <h2><a name="geninfo">General Information About ZIP Codes</a></h2>
                         
  <blockquote>   
  	                               
    <h3><a name="geninfo">Problems With Spatial Definition</a></h3>
            <a name="geninfo">ZIP codes are a very messy kind of geography. 
  They   were  created by the U.S. Postal Service  as a tool to help deliver
  the mail   more efficiently.  ("ZIP" is actually an acronym for "Zone Improvement 
  Plan",   where "Zone" is&nbsp; a reference to the 2-digit postal zones that
  were used  by the post office prior to implementing nationwide ZIP codes
 back in the  early 1960's.  Because it is an acronym we always use the uppercase
  for it.)   ZIP codes have been adopted by marketing people and by all kinds
  of other  researchers as a standard geographic area, like a city or a county.
    We see  maps of ZIP codes in telephone books and from commercial vendors
   that make  us think of them as spatially defined areas with precise boundaries,
   similar  to counties.  But, from the perspective of the agency that defines
   them, the U.S. Postal Service,&nbsp; ZIP codes are not and never have
been    such spatial entities.  They are simply categories for grouping mailing
 addresses.   As such, ZIP codes do in most cases resemble spatial areas
since  they are  comprised of spatially clustered street ranges.  But not
always.   In rural  areas, ZIP codes can be collections of lines (rural delivery
routes)  that  in reality do no look much like a closed spatial area.  In
areas where  there  is no mail delivery (deserts, mountains, lakes, much
of Nevada and  Utah) ZIP codes are not really defined.  You may see maps
that show ZIP code  boundaries  that include such areas, but these are not
post-office-defined  official definitions.    An area will not be assigned
 a ZIP code until there  is a reason for it,  i.e. until there needs to be
 mail delivered there. So the  actual definition of a ZIP
code "boundary" is quite fuzzy  at best, and a purely  extrapolated guess
(at what it would be if someone  were to start receiving  mail there) at
worst.  If you have an application  that requires extreme geographic  precision,
 especially in sparsely populated  areas, then you need to avoid  using
ZIP  codes.    </a>                                  
    <h3><a name="geninfo">How ZIP Codes Change Over Time</a></h3>
    
   		An important thing to keep in mind about ZIP 
codes    is  that they change over time.  In some cases these changes can 
be quite    dramatic,  but more commonly they are small and subtle. When a
ZIP codes   changes its  definition it does <i>not</i> change its name like
a census  tract.  The ZIP  code that was called '63301' in St. Charles county,
Mo in  1985 was subsequently  broken into first two and then three ZIP codes.
 These  new codes were not  called 63301.01, 63301.02 and 63301.03; they
were called  63301, 63303 and  63304.  So what is referred to as 63301 today
represents  about a third of  the area that it referred to in 1985.  The
new code 63303  did not exist in  1985 and it has already changed its definition
so that it now represents about half of the area it included when it was
initially created (by splitting  63301 into 63301 and 63303; a few years
later the initial 63303 ZIP was subdivided  into 63303 and 63304.).   What
this means, of course, is that ZIP codes are  really terrible units for doing
any kind of time-series analysis unless you  have some way of keeping track
of all the changes over time.  Otherwise, you may wind up concluding that
there has been a dramatic downward trend in the population of 63301 since
1980, when in fact just the opposite is true. &nbsp;At least when you attempt
a time-series study of 63304 it becomes apparent that this geographic entity
did not exist before 1990. &nbsp;   </a>                                
 
    <p></p> <a name="geninfo">What the world really needs to deal with ZIP code
     geography properly is a large geographic equivalency file relating ZIP
  codes   to other relevant geographies with a time dimension. Instead, what
  we have   is a pair of such equivalency files that relate ZIP codes to
geographic    entities  as used for tabulating the 1990 and 2000 decennial
censuses.  The  1990 file  uses ZIP codes as they were defined around July
of 1991.  (Because  it takes  a long time to do the research, it may be that
the currency  of the ZIP codes  used varied somewhat from area to area.)
&nbsp; In 2000  the Census Bureau  had decided to adopt the new things they
called ZIP Census   Tabulation Areas  (ZCTAs), which were really very similar
to what they called  ZIP codes for  tabulating earlier censuses. &nbsp;The
equivalency files we  we are referring  to here are&nbsp; the <b>MABLE databases</b>
and&nbsp; corresponding   <b>Geocorr    </b>web applications&nbsp; which
we'll be talking about in more detail below. For now, what we want to emphasize
is that when we talk about ZIP codes (or ZCTAs) we really need to keep a
time reference in mind.  Just as when you work with census tracts you need
to know whether you mean 1980 or  1990 tracts, or when you are talking about
the countries of Europe -- time is an important dimension.  </a><br>
                                           
    <br><a name="geninfo"> You might think that what we should always assume
     is that if we do not specify a time, then we are probably referring
to   the     <em>most current</em> definitions of ZIP codes, and that any
reference     materials should be periodically updated to reflect these definitions.
  Easier  said than done, of course.  This would be a huge task.  But even
 if you could  maintain all your lists with the latest definitions in some
 cases there are  reasons why it may be preferable not to.  This has to do
 with the fact that  the Census Bureau tabulated the results of the last
two  decennial censuses  to produce summary files describing these entities
    <i>as  they were defined  at a certain point in time</i>.&nbsp;  The
data tables  on these files describe  the characteristics of the <i>residential</i>
ZIP  codes as they were (more  or less) defined at the time the census&nbsp;
tabulations    were prepared (circa  July, 1991 for the 1990 census; Jan.
1, 2000 for the   2000 census.)&nbsp; "More or less"?  Yes - for the purposes
of creating  these  tabulations in 1990 the Bureau had private vendors provide
them with  files  that related each of the 1990 census blocks (the smallest
geographic  unit  identified for each 1990 census return) with the <i>then-current</i>
 ZIP code definitions.&nbsp; The files created by these vendors were used
to create  a data product called the "ZIP Block Equivalency Files" or "STF3B
 Headers  Files".  They define which geographic areas were used to <em>approximate</em>
   the ZIP code areas being summarized by the STF3B data tables. There is
a  built in "fuzz factor" in this equivalency list since - while the Census
Bureau  has created census blocks so that they do not cross any other census-defined
  geographic unit - blocks can and <em>do</em> (frequently) cross ZIP codes.
   Typically, ZIP code "boundaries" fall along back lot lines - they almost
  never split down the middle of a street.  If they did, you would need to
 have two postal carriers - one from each of the two ZIP codes, travel the
 same street and deliver just to their side.  Census blocks, however, almost
     <i>always</i> split down the middle of streets.  As a result, blocks
near  the boundaries of ZIP codes typically split ZIP codes. &nbsp;If you
picture  the classic rectangular city census block, it is an area bounded
by portions  of 4 city streets. &nbsp;Each of those street faces has its
own street name,  address range and ZIP code, and it is quite common for
the ZIP codes for the 4 streets to not all be the same. &nbsp;When this happens,
the Census Bureau (or its vendor agents in 1990) assigns the entire block
to a single ZIP/ZCTA as used for tabulating  the census. &nbsp;So a city
block might have 12 households with 40 persons  in a census block&nbsp; living
in ZIP A and 6 households with 15 persons living in ZIP B; for the sake of
doing the census tabulation, all 18 households and 55 persons will be tabulated
as part of ZIP A. &nbsp;We sometimes describe  this phenomenon as "rounding
off the ZIP data to blocks". &nbsp;These rounding  errors are unbiased and
may cancel each other out to some extent, but they  are still an important
source of potential error. &nbsp;  In the block to  ZIP equivalency files
prepared by the vendors in 1990 and assigned by the  Census Bureau in 2000,
each census block was assigned to one and only one  ZIP or ZCTA. &nbsp;The
results of these assignments were used in creating  the Master Area Block
Level Equivalency ("MABLE") files used in the Geocorr  web applications.
&nbsp;<br>
          &nbsp;</a>  <br>
                                           
    <br> Most of the various files that we reference from this page will be
 dealing with ZIP/ZCTA codes as they were defined for the purposes of tabulating
 the 2000 census.  In other words, the "default time" for ZIP codes for the
 sake of this document is approximately Jan. 1, 200. &nbsp;In our <a
 href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/jgb/ZIP.resources.v1.html">previous
version</a> of this page, we focused our attention on the ZIP codes as defined
for use in the 1990 census. &nbsp;    
                                           
    <h3>Failure to Conform to Other Geographic Schemes</h3>
           Another important and exasperating characteristic of ZIP codes 
is  that   they do not conform to any other geographic schemes.  Most geographic
  units   are part of some hierarchical system, and frequently they will recognize 
  other   boundaries such as counties or states.  But ZIP codes follow no 
rules  whatsoever   with respect to other geographies.  ZIP codes can and 
do cross  state lines   (rarely, but just enough to cause some problems and 
confusion),  county lines   (about 10% of ZIPs are in more than one county), 
political  jurisdictions  (cities, congressional districts), metro areas, 
etc.                                   
    <p>This aspect of ZIPs (specifically as defined for the 1990 census)
and     several other useful bits of information about them are discussed
in the      <a
 href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/plue/geocorr/htmls/maggot.html#zip">MAGGOT</a>
     (Master Area Geographic Glossary of Terms) file provided with MABLE/Geocorr. 
       </p>
          </blockquote>
                         
  <hr> <a name="zctas"> </a>              
  <h2> ZCTAs</h2>
  <p>            
  <blockquote> <a name="zctas">ZCTA's (ZIP Census Tabulation Areas) are what
     the U.S. Census Bureau is now (as of 2000) using as an alternative to
 ZIP  codes as geographic entities for publishing data  based on actual
ZIP codes.     A 5-digit ZCTA (there are 3-digit ZCTAs as well) is typically
nearly identical to a  5-digit U.S.P.S. ZIP code, but there are important
distinctions.  The  Census Bureau has created a  </a><a
 href="http://www.census.gov/geo/ZCTA/zcta.html">web site</a> where they
explain the differences (among other things.)  &nbsp; Here is an excerpt
from that site that nicely summarizes the major things to keep in mind when
working with ZCTA's and pretending that you are working with ZIP codes: 
                                    
    <blockquote><i>It is important to note the following:<br>
              </i>                                                      
      <ul>
                <li><i>In most instances the  ZCTA code equals the ZIP Code 
 for   an  area</i></li>
                <li><i>In creating ZCTAs, the Census Bureau took the ZIP
Code   used   by the majority of addresses in a area for the ZCTA code; some
addresses     will end up with a ZCTA code different from their ZIP Code.
          </i></li>
                <li><i>Some ZIP Codes represent very few addresses (sometimes 
  only   one) and therefore will not appear in the ZCTA universe.</i></li>
                <li><i>  The term ZCTA was created to differentiate between 
 this   entity  and true USPS ZIP Codes. <br>
                  <a
 href="http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/tigermap.html#ZIP">Information
     on the Census Bureau's position regarding ZIP Code data</a>.</i></li>
                <li><i> ZCTA is a trademark of the U.S. Census Bureau; ZIP
 Code   is  a registered trademark of the U.S. Postal Service.</i></li>
                <li><i>The Census Bureau does not have U.S. Postal Service
 ZIP   Code   boundary files,  nor do we have information or possible sources
 of   such files.</i></li>
                <li><i> Census Bureau data sets tabulated by ZIP Code are 
listed    on  the <a href="http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/zipstats.html">ZIP 
Code  Statistics</a>   page.</i></li>
                                                               
      </ul>
              </blockquote>
          Note that ZCTA's are new for 2000; there are, strictly speaking,
 no   historical ZCTA's for doing any time-series analysis.  The Bureau&nbsp; 
  published results of the 2000 Census aggregated to these geographic units 
  on Summary Files 1 and 3.  Unlike the  ZIP codes used for tabulating earlier 
  censuses, these   <b>ZCTA areas are spatially complete and you can easily 
  do mapping with them</b>. You can download ZCTA boundary files from the Census Bureau's 
<b><a href="http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/bdy_files.html">Cartographic Boundary Files</a></b> web site. &nbsp;<br>
        <br>
                           
    <h4>Special ZCTAs: XX and HH </h4>
      The Bureau  has created special <i>XX</i>  ZCTA's (ZCTA's with a valid
  3-digit  ZIP but with "XX" as last 2 characters of the code - such as "631XX")
   which  represent large unpopulated areas where it made no sense to assign
  a census  block to an actual ZIP code.   Similarly, <i>HH</i> ZCTA's &nbsp;such
  as 633HH (the <i>H </i>stands for <i>Hydrography</i>, we assume) represent
  large  bodies of water within or bordering a 3-digit ZIP area.  There are
  typically  no persons or households in an XX or HH ZCTA. &nbsp; &nbsp;Applications
  that  use ZCTA codes for population-based applications (as opposed to spatial
  based)  can generally ignore these special ZCTAs.&nbsp;               
  
  <a name="zcta_master">
  <h3>The MCDC's <i>georef.zcta_master</i> Data set</h3>
 
<!--  <i><b>Note:</i></b> the data set we are about to describe here was created by a fairly complex program that had to access a variety of data sources.  This data set is relatively new (June, 2006) so it has not yet had a chance to benefit from user feedback regarding how it could be made more useful or how it may need to be fixed or clarified for the user.  So, please be wary when using these data, and please help us make it better by promptly reporting any problems you may encounter in attempting to use it. 
  <p> </P>
-->
   You can think of the zcta_master data set as a very large table with over 33,000 rows and 60 columns. Each row corresponds to one State/ZCTA combination.  The columns describe the ZCTA's in several ways.  To see a complete detailed listing and explanation of these columns (or "variables") see the 
  <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/zcta_master.Metadata.html"><b>metadata page</b></a> for this data set.  Most of the columns provide information about what geographic entities intersect with the ZIP (ZCTA).   Here is a display of one row (observation) from the zcta_master data set, showing the entry for ZIP/ZCTA 65201 (basically, downtown Columbia, Mo). <p></P> 
   
  	<img src="http://mcdc.missouri.edu/webrepts/geography/zcta_master1.jpg" width="800"> <br>
 This output is a pdf file generated using the Dexter web extraction program that involved only 3 simple parameter entries on our part.  We specified that we wanted our output in pdf format;  we specified a "filter"  of the form: 
<blockquote><code><b><pre>zcta5     Equal To (=)    65201 </pre></b></code>
</blockquote><p>; and we specified that we wanted ZCTA5 to be used as the "ID variable" to appear as the first item in each row of the display.  
 <p></P>What can you say about ZIP 65201 based upon these data?  You can say that it it is primarily in Boone County, MO (FIPS code 29019) and secondarily in Callaway county (FIPS code 29027).  The <i>pctcnty</i> variable tells you that 99.8% of the people who lived in this ZCTA at the time of the 2000 census also lived in the primary county (Boone.)  We can also see that the ZIP is mostly (78.4%) in the city ("place" using the census terminology) of Columbia, which has a FIPS code 15670 (variable <i>PlaceFP</i>).  The variables <i>PlaceFP2</i> and <i>pctplace2</i> tell us that the remainder of the ZIP (i.e. the part that is not within the city of Columbia) is in an unincorporated area.  
 <p></P>Another series of codes identifies various metropolitan and urbanized areas associated with the ZIP.  We see that 65201 has 89% of its population living in the Columbia, MO urbanized area and 99.8% in the Columbia MSA (both the old 2000 <i>msacmsa</i> version and the current core-based version, <i>cbsa</i>).  
 <p></P>We have a number of spatial data items associated with the ZCTA; we have land area in square miles, the "internal point" coordinates for the ZCTA as published with the 2000 census data, and a custom coordinate pair obtained by taking the population-weighted averages of the internal pt coordinates of all the census blocks that were within the ZIP (stored as <i>popcentrLat, popcentrLon</i>).  And finally we have a series of key demographic and economic status indicators taken from the 2000 census tables: total population and housing units, median household income, mean poverty ratio and average housing value.  Each of the last 3 have the actual value as well as a corresponding index value that tells you how it compares to the value for the entire country.  We see that 65201 has (had) a Median Household Income value of $26,955 and that this was only 64.2% of the value for the U.S. as a whole.  This reflects the fact that this area, which includes at least portions of 3 university campuses, is heavily inhabited by college students - who typically have lower incomes and smaller households.  Note that the other 2 economic  measures also indicate an area that is below average in terms of economic well being, but that those measures have indices in the low 80's which  would indicate the area is not really a slum.   
   <p></p> There is even an <i>appsurl</i> variable that contains a ZIP-specific web address that can be followed in order to obtain additional data regarding the ZIP.	
   
   <h5>Accessing the ZCTA_Master Data set</h5>
  Go to <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/applications/uexplore.shtml"><b>http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/applications/uexplore.shtml</b></a> - the Uexplore home page/directory.  Choose <b>Geography/GIS</b> as the major data category, and then choose <b>georef</b> as the filetype (major data directory).  This takes you to uexplore referencing our geographic reference data sets collection -
 <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/georef"><b>http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/georef</b></a> .   Click on the <b>Datasets.html</b> file to get a directory page with metadata and links to the subcollection.  The <b>zcta_master</b> data set is the second one listed (this could easily change in the future -- just scan the first column for the name).  Click on its name to select it and to invoke Dexter.   Follow the link at the top of the Dexter query form to "<b><i>detailed metadata</i></b>" (and from that page there is another link, near the bottom, to a separate page where we go into more detail about each variable - 
<a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/zcta_master.Metadata.html"><b>http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/zcta_master.Metadata.html</b></a> .  
 
    If you are new to Dexter you can follow the link to the <b>Dexter Quick Start Guide</b> at the very top of the query form.  That will take you through the basics of how Dexter works.  But if you just want to grab all rows and all variables in csv format just go to Section<b>n III. Choose Variables</b>   and click the box that says you want to keep all the variables.  Then find one of the "Extract Data" buttons and click it.  The result takes a half minute or so to generates a csv file that is quite large - 15 meg. 
 We have stored a permanent copy of this csv file in the georef directory and you can access it directly as <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/zcta_master.csv"><b>http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/zcta_master.csv</b></a>.  
   
   <br><br>Note: if you have mastered the fine points of the zcta_master file you can probably skip the next topics, since you can easily derive the same information using zcta_master.  
 
   
  
  
                         
    <h4>Relating ZCTAs to Counties</h4>
           One of the most frequently asked questions regarding ZIP codes 
(ZCTAs)     is "If I know the ZIP code of my {customer/survey respondent/perpetrator} 
    how can I tell what state and county they live in?"  For these kinds of
  questions,  we build things called "equivalency files" or "correlation lists"
  that show  the relationship between two sets of geographic codes.  Using
 the geographic  header data provided on the block-level records on the 2000
 Census Summary  File 1 series, we were able to build such an equivalency 
file that related  all combinations of state-5-digit ZCTAs  to counties in 
the U.S. (50 states  + DC).  We (the author, working under contract with the
Missouri  Census Data Center) stored the results in a tabular file in our
data archive. &nbsp;This file can be rather easily accessed via the web using
our <a href="http://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/whatisux.html">uexplore/Dexter</a> 
    interface. &nbsp; You can browse the complete collection of our correlation 
    list data files at &nbsp;<a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/corrlst">http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/corrlst</a> .
    From this page you can access the ZCTA-to-county correlation list data set by clicking on the entry <b><a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?_PROGRAM=websas.uex2dex.sas&amp;_SERVICE=appdev&amp;path=/pub/data/corrlst&amp;dset=us_stzcta5_county&amp;view=0"> us_stzcta5_county.sas7bdat</a></b>  
 <small>(or, of course, you can take the shortcut to the Dexter application to access this data set  
 by simply clicking on the data set name/link we just provided).</small>                                   
    <br><br>From here, just select the output format(s) of interest from Section
    I. &nbsp;Choose HTML in addition to the default CSV format.&nbsp; In&nbsp;
   section <b>II. Choose rows (observations)</b> you can tell the  application
   which rows you are interested  in. &nbsp;The rows in this data set correspond
   to ZCTAs crossed with counties.&nbsp;&nbsp;  Some typical filters that
you   might want to apply are:   </p>
                                           
    <ul>
            <li>                                                        
                  
        <pre> Variable  Operator  Value  </pre>
           </li>
              <li>                                                      
                   
        <pre>  rank         =     1     (To only select "primary" counties associated with a ZCTA). </pre>
           </li>
              <li>                                                      
                   
        <pre>  state        =     10    (To select only cases in the state of Delaware, FIPS code of 10.)        </pre>
           </li>
              <li>                                                      
                   
        <pre>  stab      InList   mo:il (To select geography in Missouri and Illinois)</pre>
           </li>
                                           
    </ul>
                                              
    <p></p>There is no need to enter any filters -- if you want the entire data set.
   &nbsp;There is also a box where you can enter a number that will limit
the   number of observations/rows on output. &nbsp; To just see what the
data looks  like you might want to enter 100 in this box to see the first
100 rows of  the table (any filters will&nbsp; be applied first). &nbsp;<br>
         
                           
    <br>Now scroll down the page to section <b>&nbsp;III. Choose columns (variables)</b>
   . &nbsp;We suggest you click on the box indicating that you want to keep
  ALL the columns. &nbsp; &nbsp; Now go ahead and click on &nbsp;the <i><b>Extract
   Data</b> </i>button to run the query. &nbsp; It should take a few seconds
   for your results to be displayed in the form of an Output Menu page that
  lets you view your multiple-output-file results. &nbsp;Click on the HTML
 Report link to see your output in html format, or on the Delimited File
link  to see your delimited file (probably in Excel if your are using the
MS IE  browser and have Excel on your PC.) <br>
        
                           
    <br>Assuming you entered the Delaware filter (State &nbsp;Equals &nbsp;10)
   in &nbsp;section II, your first output row should contain the following
 variables  and values:<br>
        
                                           
    <ul>
            <li><i>state=10</i>  The FIPS state code for Delaware is 10.
        </li>
              <li><i>zcta5=19701</i> This is the first&nbsp; ZIP/ZCTA code
 in  Delaware.   </li>
              <li><i>county=New Castle DE    </i>The name of the county followed
   by the state  postal  abbreviation. &nbsp;So we know what county 19701
is   in.</li>
          <li><i>pop100=31,699</i>  This is the population (complete count, 
 not  sample estimated)&nbsp; living in the ZCTA5/county intersection,   per
 the  2000 census.</li>
          <li><i>afact=1</i>&nbsp;   This is the <i>allocation factor </i>which
   reports the&nbsp; portion of the total ZCTA population that lives  in
 the   county.  Always rounded to 1 decimal place.  This value will be 1
 on many/most   records indicating the ZCTA is entirely within the county.
&nbsp;See rows   36 and 37 (ZCTA 19938) for example of where a ZCTA is in
two counties and   how this is reported..</li>
          <li><i>rank=1</i>   The counties are assigned a rank based on descending 
   pop100  values within the ZCTA.  A rank of 1     means this is the "primary 
   county"  for the ZCTA, i.e. the one with the largest share of the ZCTA's 
  population.    </li>
              <li>&nbsp;<i>fipco=10003</i>&nbsp;   The FIPS state+county
code   for New Castle&nbsp; county, Delaware.</li>
              <li><i>stab=DE</i>   The state postal abbreviation.</li>
                                                                   
    </ul>
      Clearly, what you have here is a tool for assigning county codes to 
your   customer file using ZIP/ZCTAs as the link. &nbsp; An analysis we did 
using   &nbsp;1990 census data indicated that if you assigned the primary 
county  code to a record based on the ZIP code you would be right over 98% 
of the  time. &nbsp; <br>
   (See below for a discussion of an alternative resource that can help you find counties for ZIP codes 
that are not also ZCTAs.)  
                                              
    <p>&nbsp;</p>
 
                                             
    <h4>Geographic Header Files with ZCTAs</h4>
           The Missouri Census Data Center has created a directory on their 
 public    census data server which has a complete set of  geographic header 
 data as   distributed with the Summary File 1 data from the 2000 census. 
 These header   records have information about the geographic entities summarized
  on the  SF1 data files.  There are a great many such entities, and they
range  from  state and county level records all the way down to 2000 census
blocks.   There  are over 9 million of the latter entities nationwide.  There
are two reasons  that people interested in ZIP/ZCTA geography may be interested
 in this collection.                                       
    <ol>
              <li>There are records (observations) on these data sets that
 contain     data specifically related to the ZCTA-within-state and ZCTA-within-county
     summary levels (SumLev codes 871 and 881, resp.)  These observations
contain     the 2000 population and housing unit counts from the census as
well as  the   land and water area, an internal point latitude, longitude
coordinates,etc.       </li><p></p>
              <li>At the census block level (SumLev=101) all the other geocodes 
   are  reported (such as census tract, place, county subdivision, etc.) along
   with  the ZCTA code.  (Actually there are two fields/variables called ZCTA
   on these  files/data sets: ZCTA3 and ZCTA5 -- when we reference ZCTA here
   we are referring  to the full 5-digit version; 3-digit ZCTA's are just
3-digit   ZIP code areas.)      </li>
                                           
    </ol>
      You can access this collection of geographic reference files at:&nbsp;
    <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/sf12000/xxgeos"><br>
      http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/uexplore?/pub/data/sf12000/xxgeos</a> 
    . &nbsp;(Right click and choose <i>Open Link in New Window</i> to see how this works
   without losing this page.)&nbsp; There are two files per state, with the
  block level records stored separate from all the other geographic levels.
  &nbsp;You will probably find the xxgeos files more useful, since they contain
  summaries for ZCTAs. &nbsp; The block level files are useful for relating
  ZCTA geography to other levels, but for this kind of analysis you will
probably   want to use the MABLE/Geocorr2k application (see below), which
makes use  of a database that was built largely from these header files.
    <br>
        <br>
      If you followed the link above to explore the xxgeos data directory,
 you   can now click on the file <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?_PROGRAM=websas.uex2dex.sas&amp;_SERVICE=appdev&amp;path=/pub/data/sf12000/xxgeos&amp;dset=degeos&amp;view=0">degeos.sas7bdat</a>
   . &nbsp; To extract data for the ZCTA-related data you have to specify
that   you just want rows where the geographic summary level code (SumLev)
is either   &nbsp;871 (ZCTA within state) or 881 (ZCTA within county). &nbsp;
 This means   that in section <b>II.&nbsp;Choose&nbsp;rows</b> you should select
     <i><b>SumLev</b></i>   as the value of Variable/Column, &nbsp; <i><b>In
 List</b></i>  as the value   of Operator &nbsp;and then type in the value
 list &nbsp;<b><i>871:881</i></b>   in the text entry box in the Value column.
 &nbsp; In <b>III.&nbsp;Choose&nbsp;columns</b>  &nbsp;you should select the ID variables
SumLev,  State, County and ZCTA5 &nbsp;and all the numerics. &nbsp; If you
chose html  as one of your output formats you will generate a report that
looks like this: &nbsp;<br>
        <br>
                          
    <center> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2"
 color="#003399">                     
    <table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" rules="none" frame="void"
 border="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff">
      <tbody>
           <tr>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="4" color="#003399"><b>Listing of Extracted
Data</b></font></td>
      </tr>
                                   
      </tbody>                   
    </table>
      </font></center>
                         
    <p> </p>
                       
    <center> <font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2"
 color="#003399">                     
    <table border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="7" rules="none"
 frame="box" bgcolor="#cccccc">
      <thead> <tr>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>Obs</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>SumLev</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>State</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>County</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>ZCTA5</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>AreaLand</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>AreaWatr</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>Pop100</b></font></td>
       <td align="center" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>HU100</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>IntPtLat</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>IntPtLon</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>LandSQMI</b></font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>AreaSQMI</b></font></td>
      </tr>
      </thead> <tbody>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  1</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19701</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 72747809</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    988990</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">31699</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">11757</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.598203</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.699452</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    28.09</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    28.47</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  2</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19702</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 71855667</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    454665</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">44836</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">17117</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.626297</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.713864</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    27.74</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    27.92</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  3</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19703</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 10075188</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">15312</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 7070</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.800945</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.464550</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     3.89</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     3.89</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  4</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19706</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  6615012</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 1623</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  629</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.573744</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.592043</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     2.55</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     2.55</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  5</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19707</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 31559283</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     53145</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">15209</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 5407</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.784014</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.685864</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    12.19</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    12.21</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  6</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19709</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">201315067</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   3173333</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19583</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 6808</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.479602</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.693201</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    77.73</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    78.95</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  7</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19710</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   406732</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   38</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   13</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.788562</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.588815</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.16</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.16</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  8</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19711</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 73325522</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">55760</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19375</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.700561</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.743103</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    28.31</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    28.31</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>  9</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19713</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 34115597</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">31259</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">12577</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.669211</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.717961</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    13.17</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    13.17</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 10</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19720</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 99213137</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    174172</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">55539</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">21488</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.669219</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.590030</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    38.31</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    38.37</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 11</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19730</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  1215263</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  316</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  142</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.456484</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.659768</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.47</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.47</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 12</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19731</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   369987</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">      4142</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  104</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   47</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.518164</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.576564</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.14</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.14</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 13</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19732</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    74349</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   54</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   34</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.794496</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.574338</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.03</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.03</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 14</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19733</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   159378</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  124</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   52</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.555794</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.650585</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.06</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.06</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 15</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19734</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">213869669</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    892861</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 5858</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 2185</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.386601</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.668010</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    82.58</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    82.92</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b> 16</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">871</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19736</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  2225469</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">      2036</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   63</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   26</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.790911</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.649341</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.86</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.86</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr> 
      <td align=center colspan=13 bgcolor="white"> <font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="1" color="black">.....rows omitted here .... </font></td></tr>
    
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>127</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19963</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">136695730</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   1114775</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 6512</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 2856</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.940868</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.427962</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    52.78</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    53.21</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>128</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19963</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">126584164</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   1561166</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 8720</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 3858</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.902285</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.409684</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    48.87</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    49.48</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>129</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19964</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 23170474</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    151343</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 1117</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  423</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.098772</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.739431</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     8.95</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     9.00</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>130</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19966</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">228509679</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    991118</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">17768</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">11539</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.601355</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.241103</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    88.23</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    88.61</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>131</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19967</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  2355508</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  462</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  258</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.545970</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.111753</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.91</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.91</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>132</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19968</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">145702038</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   2032964</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 6552</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 3391</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.772648</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.286658</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    56.26</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    57.04</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>133</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19970</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 25753027</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">      2578</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 4481</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 3885</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.550440</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.099282</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     9.94</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     9.94</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>134</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19971</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 53613166</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    288759</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10085</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">12114</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.711512</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.096772</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    20.70</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    20.81</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>135</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19973</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">201080075</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   1073931</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">21416</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 8759</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.643248</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.611025</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    77.64</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    78.05</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>136</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19975</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 77474565</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   1709540</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 6408</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 4788</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.463751</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.156423</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    29.91</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    30.57</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>137</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19977</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">172889529</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   6249294</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10400</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 4158</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.290689</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.588323</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    66.75</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    69.17</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>138</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10003</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19977</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 46264558</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     67923</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 3123</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  578</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.332977</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.628061</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    17.86</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    17.89</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>139</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19979</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  6023487</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  592</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">  232</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.046100</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.571851</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     2.33</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     2.33</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>140</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">19980</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   138082</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">         0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   75</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   22</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.070270</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.570575</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.05</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.05</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>141</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10001</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">199HH</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">        0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 529249574</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 39.069866</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.413550</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.00</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   204.34</font></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#6495ed"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#ffffff"><b>142</b></font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">881</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">10005</font></td>
       <td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">199HH</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">        0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 654261354</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">    0</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> 38.655425</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff" nowrap="nowrap"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000"> -75.174584</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">     0.00</font></td>
       <td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font
 face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica" size="2" color="#000000">   252.61</font></td>
      </tr>
                                   
      </tbody>                    
    </table>
      </font></center>
          <br>
                           
    <p>&nbsp;</p>
     </blockquote>

<a name="zipcodes"><img src="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/images/new.gif" border="0"><h2>ZIP Code Master Dataset and State ZIP Code Directories</h2>
<blockquote>   This is an excellent resource if you are looking for basic geographic information about ZCTA's (2000 vintage for now) and ZIP codes.  The emphasis is on names associated with the codes (both "preferred" and alternate) and location (city, state, county). <b>Latitude, longitude coordinates</b> are also provided.  Access the data at   
 
<b><a href="http://federalgovernmentzipcodes.us/">http://federalgovernmentzipcodes.us/</a></b>, where you can download it in csv, Excel or mySQL format.  The <b>data were revised using USPS updates  through 11-15-10</b>.   The <i>Contact</i> link on this page still does not work but <b><a href="mailto:Daniel.Coven@federalgovernmentjobs.us">this one</a></b> does.  (Note that while the name seems to indicate otherwise, this is <b>not</b> a federal government web site.)

<p>The  files have the following key features:
 <ul><li>One (or more) records for every ZIP code recognized by the US Postal Service.  ZIP codes that can have multiple names 
associated with them have multiple records, one for each name.  
  <P><li><b>Latitude, longitude coordinates</b> are provided for each ZIP.
  <p><li>For ZIPs that correspond to ZCTAs there are total population and total housing unit counts, as well as a Median Family Income figure (2000 Census data).  Also land and water areas. 
  <p><li>The City field is somewhat misleading.  It it not really the city in which the ZIP is located in the rigrous sense, but 
rather in the general area sense.  For example, almost all the ZIPs in St. Louis County, MO have a value of "SAINT LOUIS" for City but 
most are actually better linked with the name of the smaller city where they are located.  Thus City is really the name of the main 
post office.  
  <p><li>Documentation is skimpy, relying on the field names with no in-depth explanations.  The field "Income" is not described any further than its name, and we only know that it is actually a median family income figure because we looked it up in our census data. 
  <p><li>ZIPs are identified by type, so it is easy to distinguish "standard" ZIP codes from special types such as Unique and PO-Box-only.  
  <p><li>The ultimate source of most of this data is the USPS, and ongoing maintenance is indicated.   The postal data (as opposed to the 2000 census ZCTA items) are current as of 11/10.  
  <p><li>The Missouri Census Data Center  has converted these data to a dataset in our public archive.  We restructured it a bit, getting rid of the redundant records that provided only "secondary" names for the ZIPs.  Instead, we took all these alternative names and combined them into a new field/variable called altnames.   You can access this dataset, 
<b><a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?_PROGRAM=websas.uex2dex.sas&_SERVICE=appdev9&path=/pub/data/georef&dset=zipcodes&view=0">georef.zipcodes</a> </b>using our Uexplore/Dexter software. (This link also appears at the end of the ZIP Code directory reports - see next bullet item.) 
   <p><li>The MCDC has created a web application that accesses the above data set and generates a ZIP Code Directory report for a specified state.  See <b><a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?_PROGRAM=websas.dynmenu.sas&_SERVICE=appdev&_debug=0&sl=040&app=zip_directory&todo=invoke%20zip_directory%20for%20the%20state&todo2=&geoset=usgeos&template=&title=Select%20a%20State">ZIP Directory Generator</a></b> menu page.  The data set (and the directory reports dynamically generated based upon it)  was revised to reflect the latest postal updates 11-16-10.  
      
   </ul>
   

<h4>Relating ZIP Codes to Counties</h4>
  Are we repeating ourselves?  Didn't we already deal with this above in the section on ZCTA's?  No, in that 
section we talked about relating <i>ZCTA's</i> to counties, not <i>ZIP codes</i>. As already noted, there are important differences. 
ZCTA's get old (frozen at the time of the latest census) and do not iclude proxies for non-residential ZIP codes 
such as P.O. Box-only ZIPS and "unique" ZIPS assigned to large companies or other organizations.  These 
caveats can easily result in being unable to link 10% or so of your ZIP code file when using the tools 
described above for ZCTA's.  We now have an alternative source that can help us get a more complete list. 
That source is the ZIP codes master file described in the previous section.  It contains data for 
real ZIP codes, not ZCTA's, and it contains a field identifying the county in which the ZIP is (all or mostly) located. 
Unfortunately, it only contains the name and not the FIPS code for the county.  So it's not the perfect solution.  But
it should be good enough for a lot of applications.     
<br>To use the master ZIP codes file on a one-at-a-time manula basis you can simply generate one of the directories we pointed to above and do a manual lookup of each ZIP.   To automate the process you will need to generate a file containing the ZIP code and the county.  The tool for doing that is once again our friend Dexter.  We'll spare you the mini-tutorial and simply point you to a pre-defined query that you can access to generate the extract.  Go to <b><a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/georef/Queries/zip2countyname.htm">the pre-defined query file</a></b>.  You should be viewing a Dexter query form page that has been pre-coded to access the <b>zipcodes</b> dataset in the <b>georef</b> data directory. The query as defined   requests output in the form of a csv  file (no report file, no database file); no filtering (you get the entire country); and relevant variables selected (you can ask for more, or less by simply modifying the select lists in section III of the form).  You can, if you want and you know how, modify the query any way you want.  But all you have to do is click on one of the <code>Extract Data</code> buttons.  Then when your blue output menu page is displayed you'll need to click on the link(s) to your output file(s).  The only hard part will be figuring out how you will use the resulting "lookup table" file to do the actual encoding.  
 </blockquote> 
<p>&nbsp;<p>









      <a name="reftools"> </a>              
  <h2><a name="geocorr"></a>MABLE/Geocorr: Generating ZCTA Geographic Equivalencies</h2>
             
  <blockquote>       <b> </b>The MABLE/Geocorr web application (at &nbsp;<a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html">http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html</a>)
  &nbsp;is an updated version of the original application (at <a
 href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/plue/geocorr/htmls/geocorr3.html">http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/plue/geocorr/htmls/geocorr3.html
    </a>) . &nbsp;Both applications do essentially the same thing, but the
 newer version uses census 2000 geography and later, while the earlier version
 used 1990 geography. &nbsp;The new version also does what it does about
7  or 8 times faster than the old version because it runs on a much faster
server.   &nbsp; What it does is allow you to dynamically generate files
and reports   that show how various geographic layers are related to one
another. &nbsp;   For example, you can choose one or more states as your 
geographic universe   of interest and then ask the program to show you how
ZCTAs within those states  relate to just about any other geographic layer
you can think of. &nbsp;Want  to see how ZCTAs relate to counties? &nbsp;Easy.
&nbsp;How about census tracts,  school districts, &nbsp;108th congressional
districts or the latest urbanized  areas? &nbsp; All easy. &nbsp;<br>
      <br>
    To see how easy it can be, follow the link above to the geocorr2k application.
  &nbsp; Choose your state from the first select list. &nbsp;Then select
5-digit   ZCTA (ZIP Census Tab. Area 2000) from the <i>SOURCE Geocode(s)</i> select
list (on  the left), &nbsp;and Congressional District 108th (2002) from the
<i>TARGET Geocode(s)</i>  select list (on the right). &nbsp; In the <i>Output Options</i> 
section, under <i>Listing  File</i>, select html as the value for the format of
this file (overriding default  of plain text). &nbsp; &nbsp;In the text box
for <i>Title</i> type a title for the  report such as "<i>ZIP to Congressional
District Equivalencies Using  MABLE/Geocorr2k</i>" . &nbsp;Then click &nbsp;the
    <b><i>Run Request</i></b>  button.   If you chose Maryland as your
state it will take about 3 seconds  to process about 60,000 census blocks
(we also clicked the option box that  said to <i>Ignore Census Blocks with a value of 0 for the weighting variable</i> 
or we would have processed more).  &nbsp; Clicking on the link to your <i>Listing
(report format) </i>&nbsp;file  will let you see a report that looks just
like <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/geography/exhibits/geocorr2k.example1.html">this
  one</a> that we generated for Maryland. &nbsp; <br>
      <br>
    Could I do the same thing I just did for one state for the entire U.S.? 
 &nbsp; Well, yes, but it will take more time and resources. &nbsp;There are
 about 9 million block records in the MABLE2k database and they all have to
 be accessed to generate such a report/file. &nbsp;The web application has
 a built in time limit which is easy to exceed when doing national queries. 
 &nbsp; So you might have to break it down and do about 10 or 20 states at 
 a time. &nbsp; We tried it with this particular request (it is much faster 
 to do congressional districts&nbsp; than it would be to do something smaller
 such as census tracts or places, and we did it on a Saturday morning when
 the server was not very busy.) &nbsp; Because we were now doing multiple
states we changed our Target geocodes selection to include State as well
as cd108 &nbsp;(we chose it as a target rather than a Source geocode so that
our output would be sorted by ZCTA rather than state; obviously, you might
want to go with the other option.) &nbsp; Our &nbsp;attempt succeeded in
producing a nationwide ZCTA to CD Equivalency file for the entire US in html
format. &nbsp;However, the file was so large (about 32 meg and over 50,000
lines) that when we tried to load it with IE it hung the browser. &nbsp;We
had better luck with Netscape but after several minutes it was still loading,
though it was letting us view the top lines while we waited. &nbsp; &nbsp;The
moral here may be that just because sometimes you <i>can</i> do it, doesn't
mean you <i>should</i>. &nbsp; &nbsp;It might be better to break it down
into smaller parts and/or request csv (comma-delimited ASCII)&nbsp; files
 rather than html or pdf reports. &nbsp;If you want to see what we got and
 test your browser's ability to handle over sized files you can attempt to
browse  that national file <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/geography/exhibits/uszctatocd108.html">here</a>.
  &nbsp;<br>
      <br>
    In the previous version of this resources page we had a section that
provided   links to a series of national ZIP equivalency files. &nbsp;We
have decided   not to try and reproduce those files for 2000 because we feel
that with MABLE/Geocorr2k  it is easy enough to create such entities on the
fly and get exactly what  you need. &nbsp; <br>
      <br>
     </blockquote>
     
 <hr> <a name="zip2cbsa"> </a>
 <h3>Relating ZIPs & ZIP Suffixes to County & Metro/Micropolitan Statistical Areas</h3>
   We happened to stumble upon a curious resource on a <a href="http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metroarea.html"><b>Census Bureau web page</b></a> dealing with definitions of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.  It was under a section titled <b><i>Geographic relationship files</i></b>, with a downloadable file titled <b><i>2007 ZIP code to 2006 CBSA</i></b>.
To make a long story short, we downloaded and converted the file.  The result looks something like this: 
<p><img src="/images/snagits/zip07_cbsa06_rpt.png"> .
<p>Perhaps not the best example, since this ZIP code is entirely within a single CBSA. But it does cross county boundaries, being on the border of St. Louis City (a county equivalent independent of St. Louis County).   The thing that makes this data resource special is the use of sub-ZIP code geography at the two and four-digit ZIP-suffix levels.  It varies by ZIP code.  All of this information is stored in the MCDC public archive, where it can be accessed via the Dexter extraction utility.  It can be accessed as data set   
<b><a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?_PROGRAM=websas.uex2dex.sas&_SERVICE=appdev9&path=/pub/data/corrlst&dset=zip07_cbsa06&view=0">zip07_cbsa06</a></b> in the <b><i>corrlst</i></b> data directory.  Be sure to take advantage of the link to "Detailed metadata" at the top of the Dexter query form. 
<p>You can use Dexter to print out directories to be used in manual assignments, or you can download the data in csv of SAS data set format and do your own automated processing.   
<p>



                     
  <hr>    <a name="profiles"> </a>              
  <h2>Demographic Data for 2000 ZCTAs</h2>
                    
  <blockquote>          
    <h3> Tabular Data on 2000 Summary Files</h3>
 The Census  Bureau created detailed demographic summaries for ZCTA's (both
complete and  within county) as part of their 2000 <a
 href="http://mcdc.missouri.edu/census2000/sf1.html">Summary File 1</a> 
and <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/data/sf32000/">Summary File 3</a> data 
products.  These are very large collections of detailed tables that you might have occasion to use if you have 
a specific item of interest that requires you to go deeper than what most users will want to go. There 
are, for example, over 16,000 cells of tabular data for every ZCTA on Summary File 3.  You're probably going to want this boiled down to something more readily accessible.
  <p></P>Fortunately, you will probably never have to get involved directly with the Summary Files.  Both the Census Bureau 
and the Missouri Census Data Center (<b>MCDC</b> - where the author works) have created demographic profile products which 
take these thousands of data tables cells and boil them down to a few hundred key data items, which are then 
presented in easy to read reports.  You can view these data one ZCTA at a time in your browser, or you can access 
data files that have the boiled-down data available for all ZCTA's in formats that can be readily loaded into a 
spreadsheet or database access package (e.g. Excel or Access).  Doing this is going to require that you become 
familiar with either the American FactFinder access tool (to access the Census Bureau profiles, aka "Quick Tables") or the uexplore/dexter software  (to access the MCDC's data sets).  Neither tool is terribly
 difficult to use but it does mean you have to invest a little time before you can access  that first
 set of data. 
 <h3>The MCDC's Demographic Profile Reports and Data sets</a></h3>
 There are actually two sets of demographic profiles
at the ZIP/ZCTA level based on the 2000 Census from the Missouri Census
Data Center.  But the collection based on Summary File 1 (which means complete
count, short form  data) is very limited in demographic detail and will rarely be what you want.
 When you want the "good stuff" - data on income, poverty,  educational attainment,
etc. - you want Summary File 3 (which means sample data based on the long
form) and this  translates into what the MCDC calls the <i><b>dp3_2k</b></i>
(Demographic Profile 3, 2K Census) product.  You can  access these products
using various entry points.  If all you want to do is go straight to the main
menu for the ZCTA profiles  then you want the <a
 href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/dp3_2kmenus/us/ZIP_Codes/">U.S. ZCTAs
main menu page<a>. If, however, you want to start at the beginning you can go to
the <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/dp3_2kmenus/">Main menu
page</a>  for the dp3_2k application. 
 <p></p>You follow the menu pages for the dp3_2k application until you finally click on a link to the 5-digit ZCTA 
 itself and in a second or two (it takes a little bit because the report is dynamically generated from a database) you will be presented with a longish 2-column report in html format.  The profile is divided into 29 sections (topics).  The 
 header line for each of these sections is a hyperlink to the metadata for that topic.  There are many 
 hyperlinks on the report page.  An important one to follow the first time you use the application is to the <a href=
 "http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/dp3_2k.usage_notes.html">Usage notes</a> page (the link is at the top of the report, just below the name of the area being summarized.)  The Usage Notes page contains a lot of background information as well as tips on how to use and interpret the data are provided.  Among the things you will learn 
 if you read the Usage Notes page carefully:
 <ul><li>Printing the reports requires using a landscape setup for your printer.  Or there is a way to have the report print as a single panel (instead of the default 2-panel "Newspaper" format)
   <li>There is a link at the bottom of the report that will take you directly to the Dexter application so you 
   can extract the data used for this report (and the corresponding data for all other ZCTAs in the universe if you 
   do not apply any filters.)
   <li>The hyperlinks in the "SF3 Table" column invoke a utility web application that will display the detail 
   SF3 table from which the data items (the one on the same line as the link and usually those that follow) was derived.  So, for example, you can click on the "P7" hyperlink on the line for "Hispanic" and view a more detailed 
   breakdown of the Hispanic population for this ZCTA. 
   <li>There is a link to the complete metadata for the report/files in pdf format at the bottom of the page. 
   <li>If you follow the link to "Related Applications" you will be able to get a corresponding dp3_2kt report that 
   depicts similar demographic data, but has it for both 1990 and 2000, i.e. it's a trends report.  (However, it is 
   based on the assumption that the 2000 ZCTA is the same geographic entity as the 1990 ZIP with the same code, which, as we have pointed out elsewhere, is not always the case.) 
   </ul> 
     
  <h3>Access "Quick Tables" Data Via American FactFinder</h3>                                         
     	You can also access 2000 census data at the ZCTA level via the Census
     Bureau's <a href="http://factfinder.census.gov">American Fact Finder</a>
     web application.  Not just data, but reference and thematic maps as
well. Select the "Data Sets" option at the top  left of the page, and
select    "Census  2000 Summary File 3" as the data set. Then  you should be able to choose your geography,
including  3- or 5-digit ZCTAs.  The Census Bureau calls their profile data sets "Quick Tables" so you should select 
this as your Tables option when you want to get just the most frequently used data.  But you can also access the 
complete Detailed Tables if you would like.  For many geographic units (states, counties, cities, congressional districts, for example)
the Bureau makes available these data in the form of 3-page pdf files/reports.  Unfortunately, these report format files 
are not available for ZCTA geography.   See the MCDC's <a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/dp_products_overview.html#dp1_dp4">overview page for these products</a>. </p>
<a name="acszips">
  <h3>Looking forward: ZCTA Data from the American Community Survey</h3>
The news here is not so good.  What most people and organizations (with the notable exception of the private data companies who use current ZIP code estimates as reliable cash cows) would love to have is reliable and more current demographic/economic data from the Census Bureau summarized for current ZIP codes (or ZCTA proxies thereof). 
 Unfortunately, the Bureau's new <b><a href="http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/pub/data/acs/Readme.shtml">American Community Survey</a></b> delivers neither the updated ZIP-related (i.e. ZCTA) geography nor much in the way of updated data for the existing ZCTAs.  The ZCTA geography remains frozen in time as of 2000 -- there are no <i>"2007 ZCTAs"</i> (for example).  The concept makes sense, but the logistics require the Bureau to have complete block level data and this they do not have.  What they <i>do</i> have, of course, is the old 2000 vintage ZCTAs and data could be published for these areas.  But the ACS has a population threshold of 65,000 before a geographic area will have summary data published based on a single year of ACS survey data.  Starting in 2008 data was released for areas as small as 20,000 population be based on the most recent 3 years of survey data combined (i.e. years 2005-2007).  While there are there will be a few ZCTAs that qualified for such data the Bureau decided that it would not deliver any ZCTA level data until 2010 when we can expect to see 5-year period estimates based upon combining surveys for the years 2005-2009.  By 2011 we'll have new block level data from the 2010 census and presumably we'll have new 2010 census data at the "ZCTA 2010" level.  But unfortunately, the 2010 census data will be short-form only (meaning just basic demographic counts mostly related to age, race, Hispanic and household composition) and it is not yet clear what will happen to 2010 ZCTA summaries in ACS (will we have to wait another 5 years before we get any data for these "new" geographic entities?) 
<p></p>So when will we be able to get a relatively current source of long-form (e.g. income, poverty, education, house values, etc) data for somewhat current ZIP codes again?  The over-simplified answer, though not completely certain, appears to be "never".  You will be able to get 5-year data for 5-or-more-year-old ZCTA geography some time after 2010 that will come with rather large standard errors for the smaller ZCTAs; but the days of having data like we got from SF3 in 2002 are apparently gone. That's the bad news.  The "good" news is that the not-nearly-as-good ACS 5-year data will be available every year once it starts flowing.  It won't be much good for those wanting to find out what changed in the latest year, but at least it will be "new" data.  It will probably do a better job of describing the true current state of a ZIP code than the 8-year-old data that we have now from the 2000 census.    
          </blockquote>
                          
  <h2>&nbsp;</h2>
     <a name="links"> </a>              
  <h2><a name="links">Links to Other ZIP-related Resources</a></h2>
                         
  <blockquote>                                   
    <ul>
                     <li><a name="links">  </a><a
 href="http://www.usps.gov/ncsc/">The U.S.  Postal Service's</a> ZIP Code 
    Lookup and Address Information Page is the ultimate authority for <em>current</em> 
    ZIP geography.               </li>
            <p>  <li> <a
 href="http://library.csun.edu/Find_Resources/Government_Publications/zipstats.html">Community Information 
by Zip Code</a>.  This site is maintained by the University    Library at 
Cal State Northridge.  Not unlike this page (the one you are  reading),  
with lots of overview info and links to other relevant pages.           
       </li>
        <p><li><b><a href="http://www.bestplaces.net/">Sperling's Best Places</a></b> is a source of all 
kinds of information (most of it purporting to be very current) regarding cities, towns and ZIP codes.  Just enter a ZIP code in the search box.  Be aware that the information on the return page has to be scrolled down to view.  We have some reservations about the timeliness and/or source of these data. For example: they report (in 2008) that the current (2007) population of Columbia, MO is 94,xxx when the official Census Bureau estimate is 99,xxx.  There are no such official public estimates for ZIP codes so you'll have to trust them. 
       </li>  
     
      <p><li>You can access <b>ZIP Code maps</b> for selected counties on-line at <b><a href="http://www.cccarto.com/web_maps/zipcode/zipcodes.html">U.S. County Zip Code Maps Lookup</a></b> by Chubb Custom Cartography.  These
are actually ZCTA's and are based on 2006 TIGER/line data. 
     </li>

        <p><li>A sight called  <a href="http://www.city-data.com/zipDir.html"><b>city-data.com</b></a> actually has data 
        	for a lot more than just cities; it has data for counties and ZIP codes as well.  (the link here is to their index 
        	page for ZIP level data).  You choose a ZIP and it displays a very detailed profile with data from many 
        	sources, many of them not identified.  The profiles include graphics and an impressive hodge-podge 
        	of information.  It seems to be geared towards people who may be thinking of moving there.  There is a 
        	lot of economic indicator data (such as household income and housing values) that are less than 2 years 
        	old.   The lengthy profile ends with a note warning the user that the data is not guaranteed to be 
        	accurate and users should use the data "at their own risk".    
              
          <p>    <li>  <a href="http://link-usa.com/ZipFindDeluxe.aspx">ZIPFind Central</a>  from Xionetic Technologies    is another page that offers free samples 
of data    and software that it wants to sell.  It  lets you enter any ZIP 
code in  the  country and a radius in miles, and have returned to you a report 
showing   all ZIP codes   within the specified radius, along with a current 
population   estimate for each ZIP (with a total of these as well).    Other 
options let  you calculate the distance between 2 ZIP codes; &nbsp;&nbsp; 
and to enter  a city name and get the ZIP code(s)   associated with it.  
       <p><li><a href="http://federalgovernmentzipcodes.us/">http://federalgovernmentzipcodes.us/</a></b> ("<b>A Free Zipcode Database</b>")  was mentioned above as a source for up-to-date and complete ZIP code directories and for accessing lat-long data for ZIPs.  This web page also contains a number of 
links (at the very bottom, separated from the rest of the page by some probably inadvertent wasted white space) to a series of helpful Google searches that 
turn up lots of other promising web sites.                                                                   
   
        <p> </p>
              </li>
                    
    </ul>
                                              
    <hr>  </blockquote>
   </blockquote>
                     
<p>  
                   
<center>           
 
    <b> <small>
   John Blodgett &nbsp; &nbsp; <a
 href="mailto:blodgettj@missouri.edu">blodgettj@missouri.edu</a> <br>
   Office of Social and Economic Data Analysis (OSEDA) <br>
  626 Clark Hall  &nbsp; /  University of Missouri &nbsp; /   Columbia, MO 65211 <br>
  
<p> 
                     
 <b>  <a href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu/jgb">John Blodgett's Home Page</a> &nbsp; | &nbsp; <a
 href="/"> Missouri Census Data Center </a> &nbsp; | &nbsp; <a
href="http://www.oseda.missouri.edu">OSEDA</a>  </b>         
<p> </p>
                   
 <b>URL:  http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/geography/ZIP.resources.html</b><br>
 </small>  <p>                  
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